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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment method based on mathematical proof. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, that could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed computers spread around the globe. This attracts individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this why not try here currency (and especially citizens with little alternative) keep the price.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been attained. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin in addition to the authority to send them.
In practice, each user is identified with the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. If a transaction is listed on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, it's not possible to change.
While this may disquiet a few, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.