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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It is created and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength category that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the dual spending problem of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can easily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with little alternative) bear the price.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hour, and will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been attained. This makes bitcoin more attractive as an advantage in concept, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users Home Page do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another published here user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of their pocket. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their customers before they are permitted to purchase or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a specific transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and when greater than an hour has passed, then it is impossible to change.
Even though this might disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.